Tuesday, December 22, 2015

Leson decunu (11)

The relative pronoun
The relative pronoun is the word, kutu, who, which, that.  When used as the relative pronoun, it will always take -s in the plural and -en in the accusative, which are optional when it is used as a demonstrative.

Those men who come, Tutu coveko kutus idanar.

The word kutu is a pronoun when it is alone, but it corresponds to our adjectives what or which when it is before a noun.  Kutu movar?  Who is speaking?  Kutu(s) tabo esar tutam?  What/which tables are there?

The demonstrative 
Tutu, that, is an adjective if before a noun and a pronoun if alone:  tutu tab, that table; tutu nu idanar, that one does not come.  Tuto is always the pronoun for things:  Mi kerar tutoen,  I want that.  To denote "this, these" etc. prefix a-:  atutu this one.

Kutuen ti vidar?  Whom do you see?
Kutu(en) kuken ti nemar?  Which cake do you take?
Mi gebor tutu(en) kuken kaj nemor atutuen.  I will give that cake and take this one.
Tutus, kutus alasar fade.  Those who remain long.

For the remaining lessons in this course, optional plural and accusative endings will NOT be indicated.

1.  Kutu esar tutu covek?  Tutu covek esar sa her, kutuen ni vider ejdene su sa ulic.
2.  Ci ti nemor tutu(en) potiren?  Nu, mi nemor atutuen, oti li esar ma jandi.
3.  Kutu bone canezar?  Tutu, kutu nu file movar.
4.  Kutu coveko komer mui kuken?  Tutus, kutus idanar en sa matin.
5.  Kutu pojelien ti kerar ima?  Mi kerar ima tutu pojelien, kutus esar ejdene su tui tab.
6.  Ci ti vider sa potiren kutuen li nemer?  Nu, ale mi vider tutuen, kutuen ti nemer.
7.  Ci ti vider kutu kuken li komer?  Anu, li komer sa kuken, kutuen ti puler ejdene.
8.  Kutu pojelien li pulor?  Li pulor tutu ajandi pojelien, kutusen lui tadin panular.
9.  Ci atutu caj esar mj boni cem tutu?  Anu, ki esar file ma boni, oti mi puler atutuen en sa jad, isto ti puler tutuen en sa vik.
10.  Ci ti axar, ke sa caj, kutuen ici pular en sa jad, esar ma boni cem tutuen ici pular en sa vik?  Mi nu kitor tutuen, ale en sa vik sa caj alasar en sa butiko ma fade cem en sa jad, kaj ki esar mu novi.
11.  Kutu(en) husen ti kerar pula?  Mi kerar pula xeni huselen, kutu esar engus ta gorel.
12.  Kutu esar en tui domat?  Tute esar sa du ajandi infano a kutus mi geber kuken ejdene.
13.  Ci ti juxe vider tutu coveken?  Anu, mi axar ke li esar kutu, kutuen mi vider en sa kafun.
14.  Xe kutu tab ti sidor?  Mi sidor xe tutu tab engus mui ini kuz..

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